History Of Guru Chanakya.

This article is about Chanakya. For Vishnugupta, an Indian king from 540-550, see Vishnugupta (Gupta Empire).

Chanakya was an ancient Indian teacher, philosopher, economist, jurist and royal advisor. He is traditionally identified  as Kauṭilya or Vishnugupta, who authored the ancient Indian political treatise, the Arthashastra. As such, he is considered the pioneer of the field of political science and economics in India, and his work is thought of as an important precursor to classical economics. His works were lost near the end of the Gupta Empire and not rediscovered until the early twentieth century.

Chanakya assisted the first Mauryan emperor Chandragupta in his rise to power. He is widely credited for having played an important role in the establishment of the Maurya Empire. Chanakya served as the chief advisor to both emperors Chandragupta and his son Bindusara.

Life

Chanakya was the teacher of Chandragupta Maurya. He served in the court of Chandragupta and Bindusara. According to George Modelski, Chanakya is believed to be the same as Kautilya, a Brahmin who served as Chief Minister to Chandragupta as he founded the Maurya Empire.

He condemned foreign rule that time.

Here are nine historical facts about Chanakya that may help you understand him better:

1. Born in 371 BC, Chanakya has been traditionally identified as Kautilya or Vishnugupta. According to KC Ojha, Vishnugupta was actually a redactor of Kautilya’s original work, which suggests that Kautilya and Vishnugupta are different people. Thomas Burrow, the Boden Professor of Sanskrit at the University of Oxford even claims that Kautilya and Chanakya may not have been the same people. However, Chanakya’s ‘Arthashastra’ carries his traditional name, Kautilya everywhere except for one verse, which refers to him as Chanakya.

 Chanakya dedicated his life to forming the Maurya Empire and guiding its pioneer—Chandragupta Maurya and his son, Bindusara.

2.He was the royal advisor, economist and philosopher during their reign.

3. Chanakya’s ambitions took flight when he was insulted by the emperor of the Nanda dynasty, who ruled the Magadha kingdom in India. At that time, Magadha was the most prominent empire in India while other parts were separate states. Taking the insult to his heart, Chanakya became an ally of Chandragupta Maurya—who had been exiled from the Nanda family.

4. Chanakya helped Chandragupta form a small army, and entered Pataliputra, the capital of the Magadha kingdom and ignited a civil war there, using his intelligence network.

Chandragupta eventually won over the throne in 322 BC, ending the Nanda dynasty and beginning the rule of his Maurya dynasty. This dynasty would be in power until 185 BC.

5. Arthashatra, a Sanskrit book that means “The Science of Material Gain” is the philosopher’s guide to running an empire. Although the book was considered to be lost for many centuries, a copy of it, written on palm leaves, was rediscovered in 1904 AD.

Considering the challenges faced by the rulers of those times, he has included recommendations on law, prisons, taxation, fortification, coinage, manufacturing, trade, administration and spies.

 6.The life of Chanakya has been described in four different versions—The Buddhist version, the Jain version, the Kashmiri version and Vishakhadatta’s Sanskrit Mudrarakshasa version. All four versions describe how he was insulted by the Nanda emperor and how Chanakya vowed to destroy him thereafter.

 7.In his book, “Year of the Guru,” Sugata Srinivasaraju describes how an unknown priest donated ancient palm-leaf manuscripts to the Oriental Research Institute in Mysore. Upon examination, these manuscripts turned out to be Chanakya’s Arthashastra.

8. Apart from this, the scholar has even studied the various Indian shastras and compiled its multiple lessons into ‘Chanakya Niti’ or ‘Chanakya Niti Shastra.’

 9.Chanakya died in 283 BC in Pataliputra. Throughout his life, he had been in service of the Maurya emperors and passed away during the reign of Bindusara, Chandragupta’s son. Some believe that he starved himself to death while others think that court conspiracies led to his demise.

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